Nowadays , computers are becoming more sophisticated . However , before the computer is not small, sophisticated , cool and light as now . In the history of computers , there are 5 generations of computer history .
1 . First generation (1944-1959)
Vacuum tube as a signal amplifier , a hallmark of the first generation of computers . At first , the vacuum tube ( vacuum - tube ) is used as a component of a signal amplifier . The raw material consists of glass , so many have drawbacks , such as : easy to break , and easy to distribute the heat . This heat needs to be neutralized by other components that serve as a coolant .And the presence of additional components , end computer that is a big , heavy and expensive . In 1946 , the electronic computer in the world that the ENIAC was finished first . On the computer contained 18,800 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons . so large in size , to the point of requiring a separate classroom .Images appear on a computer ENIAC , which was the first electronic computer in the world that has a heavy weight 30 tons , a length of 30 M and 2.4 M high and requires 174 kilowatts of electrical power .
2 . Second Generation (1960-1964)
Transistors are characteristic of second generation computers . The raw material consists of 3 layers , namely : "basic " , " collector " and " emmiter " . Transistor stands for Transfer Resistor , which means to affect the durability between the two layers of 3 , then the power ( resistor ) which is in the next layer can also be affected . Thus , the function of the transistor is as a signal amplifier . As a solid component , tansistor has many advantages such as : not easily broken , do not conduct heat . And thus , the existing computers become smaller and cheaper .In the 1960s , IBM introduced the first commercial computer that utilizes transistor and is used widely began circulating in the market . IBM - 7090 computer made in the United States is one that utilizes a commercial computer transistor . This computer is designed to complete all kinds of work whether they are scientific or commercial . Because of its speed and ability , led to the IBM 7090 became very popular . Other second -generation computers are : IBM Serie 1400, Serie NCR 304 , MARK IV and Honeywell Model 800 .
3 . Third Generation (1964-1975)
The concept of the smaller and more affordable than transistors , eventually spurring people to continue doing research . Thousands transistor finally combined in a very small form . Size piece of silicium yag have successfully created a few millimeters , and is called an Integrated Circuit or IC - Chip which is the hallmark of the third generation computers . The magnetic ring can be the first magnetization direction or the opposite , and finally had sinyalkan condition " ON " or " OFF " which is then translated into the concept of 0 and 1 in the binary number system which is needed by the computer . At each field contained 924 memory magnetic rings , each representing 1 bit of information . Millions of bits of information currently in the first single chip with a very small form .Computer used for automation first introduced in 1968 by PDC 808 , which has a 4 KB ( kilo - byte ) memory and 8 bits for memory cores
.4 . Fourth Generation (1975 - Present)
Microprocessor is a typical CHIRI fourth generation computers that are thousands IC compaction into a chip . Because of the smaller shape and the increasing capabilities and the price offered is also getting cheaper . Microprocessor is the birth of the personal computer .In 1971 , Intel Corp later developed the first microprocessor serie 4004 . Examples of this generation is the Apple I Computer , developed by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs in a way to enter the computer microprocessor on circuit board . In addition , later appearing with the TRS 80 Model type Motorola 68000 processor and Zilog Z - 80 uses 64KB of RAM standard . Apple II computers that use e - 6502R processor type and by 64 Mb Ram , also a very popular PC computer at that time . Operating systems used are : CP / M 8 Bit . This computer is very popular in the early 80s .IBM Personal Computer began issuing in about 1981, using MS - DOS Operating System 16 Bit . Due to the price offered is not much different from the other computer , in addition to much better technology as well as big names from IBM itself , then in a very short time , the computer is becoming very popular .
5 . Fifth Generation ( Current - Future )
This generation is characterized by the emergence of : LSI ( Large Scale Integration ) which is the solidification of thousands microprocessor into a microprocesor . In addition , it is also marked by the emergence of the microprocessor and semi- conductors . The companies that make micro - processors include : Intel Corporation , Motorola , Zilog and others . In the market we can see the microprocessor from Intel with models 4004 , 8088 , 80286 , 80386 , 80486 , and Pentium . Pentium - 4 is the latest production from Intel Corporation that is expected to cover all the weaknesses that exist in previous products , in addition, the ability and the speed of the Pentium - 4 also increased to 2 Ghz . The pictures were shown to be much smoother and sharper , in addition to the speed of processing , sending or receiving picture also becomes faster .Pentium - 4 manufactured by 0:18 micron technology . With the smaller the resulting form of power , current and voltage heat released is also getting smaller . With a faster processor cooler , can produce higher MHz speed . Owned speed is 20 times faster than a Pentium 3 generations .Packard Bell iXtreme 4140i is one that has a PC computer using a Pentium - 4 processor with a speed of 1.4 GHz , 128 MB RDRAM memory , hard drive of 40 GB ( 1.5 GB is used for recovery ) , as well as the GeForce2 MX video card with 32 MB memory . HP Pavilion 9850 is also a PC using a Pentium -4 processor with 1.4 GHz speed . PC Pentium - 4 Hewllett - Packard is dating with the dominant color of black and gray . Compared to other PC , Pavilion is a Pentium - 4 PC with complete facilities . Owned by RDRAM memory 128 MB , 30 GB hard drive with at 17 inch monitor .
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